Aquileia

Republic

• Built between rivers Natiso and Also
• Amber Route
• 186 Founded by Gallic settlers
• 181 Refounded as a Latin colonia by the Romans^note[Livy 39.22.6, 39.45.6, 39.54.1-55.6, 40.26.2, 40.34.2.] (inscription survives); immediately a conflict with the eastern neighbors, the Histrians, which leads to the conquest of Histria (siege of its main settlement Nesactium in 177^note[Livy 41.10-11.])
• Later improved^note[Livy 43.1.5 + additional lines.]
• Municipium
• Cults: a/o Herecura
• c. 35 BCE Attacked by the Iapodes;defended by a Fifteenth Legion (Apollinaris?)^note[Appian, Illyrian Wars 18.]
• Strategically important^note[Cf. Caesar, Gallic War 1.10.3 and Tacitus, Histories 2.46, 2.85, 3.6, 3.8 (meeting place of armies).]

Empire

• Economic importance^note[Strabo, Geography 4.6.11, 5.1.8, 7.5.2.]
• Ravenna Fleet
• 167 CE Attacked by the Marcomanni^note[Historia Augusta, Marcus Aurelius 14.]
• 168 Visit Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
• 238 Besieged by Maximinus Thrax^note[Herodian, History 8.2-5.]

Late Antiquity

• In the fourth century important seat of government
• Episcopal see
• 340 War between Constans and his brother Constantinus II, who is defeated near Aquileia;
• 361 Besieged by Julian the Apostate's army^note[Ammianus 21.22, 22.8.49]
• 381 Synod of Aquileia
• War between Theodosius I and the Gallic usurper Magnus Maximus^note[Orosius 7.35.3; Zosimus, New History 4.46.]
• 423-425 War between Theodosius II and Johannes^note[Procopius, BV 1.3.9.]
• 452 Captured by Attila^note[Iordanes, Getica 42.]
• Episcopal see transferred to Grado^note[Paul the Dean, History of the Langobards 2.10.]

Aquileia, Mithraic Relief

Aquileia, Sacrifice Relief