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Alexandria

Q87

Alexandria: town founded by Alexander the Great, capital of the Ptolemaic Empire.

Hellenistic History

The site of Alexandria was chosen in January 330 BCE; the city was founded on 7 April (text). It replaced an older town, Rhacotis.
This was an entirely Greek city, independent from Egypt. Diodorus of Sicily offers an eyewitness account of the city.^note[Diodorus, World History 17.52.]
During the reign of Ptolemy I Soter, it became the capital of the Ptolemaic Empire.
Center of corn trade; production of papyrus; glass, metal, textiles.
The Jews and natives were second- and even third class citizens.
At the beginning of the common era, the town had at least 300,000 male, free inhabitants; a total population of over a million is not impossible.
Demetrius of Phaleron, Euclid, Eratosthenes of Cyrene, the translators of the Septuagint, Callimachus of Cyrene, Apollonius of Rhodes, Aristarchus of Samos.
168: Roman pressure forces Antiochus IV Epiphanes to retire from Alexandria
47: Alexandrian War: Julius Caesar puts Cleopatra VII Philopator on the throne
30 BCE: Captured by Octavian; death of Cleopatra; capital of Roman province; the governor is not a senator but a Roman knight.
Diodorus of Sicily; Philo of Alexandria; Julius Alexander

c. 8 CE: Two legions at Alexandria: III Cyrenaica and XXII Deiotariana
38 CE: Pogrom
Ministery of Mark?
68: Another pogrom
69: Vespasian proclaimed emperor
115-117: Anti-Jewish riots (more...)
125: III Cyrenaica replaced by II Traiana Fortis
130: Hadrian visits the city
Ptolemy of Alexandria, Appian of Alexandria
175: Marcus Aurelius visits the city
A fort is all that remains of the lighthouse

After 200: increasing Christian influence; Clement of Alexandria
215: Visit by Caracalla
252: Origen banished
269/270: Captured by the Palmyrene troops
Sacked by Aurelian^note[Zosimus, New History 1.61.1.]
298: Sacked by Diocletian; legion III Diocletiana added to the garrison
328-335: Athanasius bishop
346-356: Athanasius bishop for the second time
357-358 Georgios bishop of Alexandria; the relics of Andrew and Luke brought to Constantinople
363: Visit by Julianus Apostata
365: tsunami
366-373: Athanasius bishop for the third time
389: All pagan monuments in Alexandria, including the Museum, destroyed
391: Destruction of the Serapeum
414: The last leader of the philosophical school, Hypatia, is lynched by a Christian mob
541 Plague
608-610: during the war between the emperors Phocas and Heraclius; the southern harbor is destroyed
619: The Sasanian king Khusrau sacks the city
642: Replaced as capital of Egypt by Cairo
645-646: Reoccupied by the Byzantine commander Manuel
Alexandria has been called Alexander's most lasting legacy

Alexandria, Serapeum, Sphinx of Horemheb

Alexandria, Catacombs, Tomb relief

Qasr Libya, East Church, mosaic 1.10.c (the Pharos of Alexandria)

Alexandria, Odeon

Alexandria, Hephaestion (part of a group with Alexander)	Alexandria, Alexander the Great (part of a group with Hephaestion)	Alexandria, Relief of the Apotheosis of Homer	Alexandria, Inscription of II Traiana Fortis
Alexandria, Alexander the Great	Alexandria, Tombstone of Longinus of II Traiana