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Galerius
Galerius: emperor of the Roman world (r. 305-311).
Names:
- c.255: Maximinus (?)
- 21 May 293: Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar Iovius
- 1 May 305: Imperator Caesar Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus
- May 311: natural death
co-emperor of Constantius I Chlorus; ruled in the east
Successor of: Diocletian
Relatives:
- Mother: Romula
- First wife: an anonymous lady
- Daughter: Valeria Maximilla (married to Maxentius)
- Son: Candidianus (engaged to a daughter of Maximinus Daia)
- Second wife (293): Galeria Valeria, daughter of Diocletian
Main deeds
- c.255 Born in a town, later called Romulianum, near Serdica
- 293 Founding of the First Tetrarchy: the emperors Diocletian and Maximianus appoint Galerius and Constantius I Chlorus as caesares; all four men accept the title Germanicus Maximus; Galerius divorces his first wife, and marries Galeria Valeria (daughter of Diocletian); in the Sasanian Empire, Bahram II dies, and is succeeded by Bahram III, and Narseh
- 294 Consul (with Constantius Chlorus); Diocletian defeats the Sarmatians; Galerius' campaign to Upper-Egypt; he accepts the title Sarmaticus Maximus and perhaps also the titles Aegyptiacus Maximus and Thebaicus Maximus
- 295 War against the Persians (?); accepts the title Persicus Maximus
- 296 The Persian king Narseh occupies Armenia; Diocletian fights against the Carpi; Galerius accepts the title Carpicus Maximus and adds Britannicus Maximus after Constantius has reconquered Britain
- 297 Consul II (with Maximianus V); Galerius defeated by the Persians in Mesopotamia
- 298 Galerius assembles an army at Satala and defeats Narseh as Osxay; treaty of Nisibis (Rome gains territory east of the Tigris); Galerius accepts the titles Armeniacus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus, and Persicus Maximus II; Tiridates III made king of Armenia.
- 299 Beginning of a protracted war along the Danube against the Sarmatians and Carpi
- 300 Consul III (with Constantius Chlorus III); accepts the title Sarmaticus Maximus II
- 301 Monetary reform; edict on Maximum Prizes;Constantius fights against the Germanic tribes, Galerius against the Carpi; both accept the titles Germanicus Maximus II and Carpicus Maximus II
- 302 Consul IV (with Constantius Chlorus IV); Monetary reform; accepts the titles Germanicus Maximus III, Sarmaticus Maximus III and Carpicus Maximus III
- 303 In the Sasanian Empire, Narseh dies and is succeeded by Hormizd II; edict against the Christians; Galerius accepts the titles Germanicus Maximus IV and Carpicus Maximus IV
- 304 End of the war in the Rhineland and along the Danube; the two caesares accept the titles Germanicus Maximus V and Carpicus Maximus V
- 305 Consul V (with Constantius Chlorus V); Diocletian and Maximianus resign; Second Tetrarchy: they are succeeded by Galerius and Constantius I Chlorus, who appoint as caesares Maximinus Daia and Severus II; Galerius accepts the title Britannicus Maximus II
- 306 Consul VI (with Constantius Chlorus VI); death of Constantius, who is succeeded as augustus by Severus II and as caesar by Constantine; in Italy, Maxentius occupies Rome; Galerius recognizes Constantine (Third Tetrarchy); tax edict
- 306/307 Galerius defeats the Sarmatians, accepts the title Sarmaticus Maximus IV
- 307 Galerius in Italy; he refuses to recognize Maxentius; accepts the title Germanicus Maximus VI after a victory by Constantine
- 308 Consul VII (with Diocletian X); war along the Danube; accepts the titles Germanicus Maximus VII and Carpicus Maximus VI; conference of Carnuntum; Licinius made emperor in the west
- 310 accepts the titles Sarmaticus Maximus V and Persicus Maximus III; in the Sasanian empire, Hormizd II dies and is succeeded by the young Shapur II
- 311 Consul VIII (with Maximinus Daia); visits Serdica; the anti-Christian edict revoked; death
Contemporary events:
- 301 Gregory the Illuminator converts the Armenians
- 305 Death of Porphyry
Buildings: Thessaloniki: Arch and Palace of Galerius
Succeeded by: Licinius, Maximinus Daia