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Constantius I Chlorus
Constantius I Chlorus: emperor of the Roman world (r. 305-306).
Names:
- 31 March 250: Julius Constantius
- 1 March 293: Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar Herculius
- 1 May 305: Imperator Caesar Gaius Flavius Valerius Constantius
- 25 July 306: natural death
Nickname: Chlorus ('the pale one')
co-emperor of Galerius; ruled in the west
Successor of: Maximianus
Relatives:
- father: Flavius Dalmatius
- mother: Julia Constantia
- first wife: Helen
- second wife: Theodora (stepdaughter of Maximian)
- children: Flavius Dalmatius, Julius Constantius, Hannibalianus, Julia Constantia, Anastasia, Eutropia
Main deeds
- 250 Born in Illyricum
- 271/272 Protector in Syria during Aurelian's campaign against Zenobia
- c.273 Birth of Constantine
- Military tribune under Probus
- c.284 Praeses of the Dalmatians
- 288 Praetorian prefect
- 289 Marriage to Theodora
- 292 Constantius distinguishes himself in a war against the Alamans
- 293 Founding of the First Tetrarchy: the emperors Diocletian and Maximianus appoint Galerius and Constantius I Chlorus as caesares; all four men accept the title Germanicus Maximus
- 293 Constantius captures Gesoriacum (Boulogne), which was held by the British usurper Carausius. In Britain, Carausius is replaced by Allectus.
- 294 Consul (with Galerius); Diocletian defeats the Sarmatians; Constantius accepts the title Sarmaticus Maximus
- 295 Galerius fight against the Persians (?); Constantius accepts the title Persicus Maximus
- 296 Consul II (with Diocletian VI); conquers Britain; Allectus defeated and killed; accepts the title Britannicus Maximus and adds Carpicus Maximus to commemorate Diocletian's successes against the Carpi
- 298 Galerius defeats the Sasanian king Narseh and Constantius accepts the titles Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus, and Persicus Maximus II; Maximianus in Carthage
- 300 Consul III (with Galerius III); beginning of a protracted war in the Rhineland; accepts, after Galerius' successes along the Danube, the title Sarmaticus Maximus II
- 301 Monetary reform; edict on Maximum Prizes; Constantius fights against the Germanic tribes, Galerius against the Carpi; both accept the titles Germanicus Maximus II and Carpicus Maximus II
- 302 Consul IV (with Galerius IV); accepts the titles Germanicus Maximus III, Sarmaticus Maximus III and Carpicus Maximus III
- 303 accepts the titles Germanicus Maximus IV and Carpicus Maximus IV; beginning of the Great Persecution of the Christians
- 304 End of the war in the Rhineland and along the Danube; the two caesares accept the titles Germanicus Maximus V and Carpicus Maximus V
- 305 Consul V (with Galerius V); Diocletian and Maximianus resign; Second Tetrarchy: they are succeeded by Galerius and Constantius I Chlorus, who appoint as caesares Maximinus Daia and Severus II; his son Constantine joins him
- Late 305 Constantius' second expedition to Britain, where he and his son Constantine fight against the Picts; accepts the title Britannicus Maximus II
- 306 Consul VI (with Galerius VI);
- July 25, 306: Dies in Eburacum (York); the soldiers of the Sixth Legion Victrix proclaim his son Constantine emperor.
New legions: I Flavia Gallicana Constantia; I Flavia Martis; XII Victrix
Succeeded by: Severus II; Constantine I the Great