Spring 47: Cleopatra VII is sole ruler of Egypt; she presents herself as the goddess Isis
23 June 47: Birth of a son, named Caesarion; Caesar is said to be the father
46: Ptolemy XIV is recognized as Cleopatra's co-ruler again; the two are in Rome
Cleopatra VII Philopator
March 44: Julius Caesar is killed (text); Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIV return to Egypt, where Ptolemy is soon killed and Caesarion recognized as king; first of a series of bad harvests
Summer 43: Cleopatra has achieved control of Cyprus; she supports the faction of Caesar, led by the Second Triumvirate (Mark Antony, Octavian, Lepidus), in its war against the assassins, led by Brutus and Cassius
42: Battle of Philippi: the triumvirs defeat Brutus and Cassius; Mark Antony will visit the east
41: Cleopatra meets Mark Antony in Tarsus. The Roman needs the Egyptian queen in his war against the Parthian Empire, and returns the rule of old Ptolemaic territories to her
40: Birth of the twins Alexander Helius and Cleopatra Selene
37: Mark Antony gives Chalkis (the Bekaa valley) and parts of Cilicia and Chalkis to Cleopatra; later, she is allowed to govern, as vassal, parts of Phoenicia, Judaea (cordial relations with king Herod), Cyrenaica, and Crete
37: Mark Antony and his wife Octavia are separated
36: Mark Antony's Parthian War
Cleopatra VII in Egyptian style
34: Mark Antony invades Armenia and takes its king Artavasdes II captive; triumph; Cleopatra is called "new Isis" and "queen of kings"
32: Mark Antony divorces his wive Octavia; outbreak of war between Octavian and Mark Antony
31: Mark Antony and Cleopatra move to Greece, where they are isolated by Octavian's admiral Agrippa; although they are able to win a tactical victory and break out of their isolated position at Actium, the campaign is a distaster and Octavian is able to achieve control of the east
Cleopatra flees to Alexandria and opens negotiations with Octavian; her purpose is to save her children and keep the Ptolemaic kingdom intact; Artavasdes II is executed
12 August 30: After Octavian has declined to negotiate, Cleopatra reportedly commits suicide; Mark Antony does the same. Their children survive, but Caesarion is killed.
